我想，我的生活没有什么必要再藏着掖着了。放在 Blogger 上让大家都能看到，其实是挺好的一件事。而且 blogger 的页面安排肯定比其他的 BSP 要灵活一些，什么 html，javascript 都可以往上放，这样挺痛快。
以前的 blog 基本都集中在 ＷＯＲＤＰＲＥＳＳ上了，用户名也是ＣＥＬＡＤＥＶＲＡ，有兴趣又知道技术细节的可以自行去找。我就不贴网址影响访问了。
2006年10月12日星期四
2006年10月11日星期三
2006年10月7日星期六
Week 2: Disturbing Discovery
On Tuesday I had a talk with my supervisors. They decided that I should write a short review on pastoralism first. From 2004 on I had a prejudice on traditional pastoralism in Tibet. After one week of reading, I find this may not be the truth. The herders have been there for over one thousand years, striving to survive, learning to adapt to the environment. It is just irresponsible to claim that their traditional system is inferior to the so-called "modern" pastoralism, which simply cannot survive on the plateau. However, I think there is some problem on today's plateau. Whether it is from the institutions, the environment, or the people, it is my task to identify it. It is just a bit thrilling to find that what we did in 2004 is from a very narrow, ideological and stereotyped perspective. Next week I will read on to construct a picture of pastoralism in Tibet. More evidences are needed for my review.
2006年10月1日星期日
Protected: Starting a PhD: checklists
Checklist
- If you have not yet secured funding, have you checked with the Student Support Network (SNN) in your institution as they may have details of funding opportunities? Have you also checked www.grad.ac.uk/funding for advice on funding sources?
- yes, but I would like to seek more.
- Have you got a realistic project? Are you clear about the scope of the project?
- A research on the comparison of two grazing production schemes: rotating grazing and roam grazing. Compare their resilience and sustainability. Involves an inquiry of local ecology and economic in grassland system, as well as social/natural environment and legislation. Using a county as the research area.
- Have you got an outline plan? Don't be too rigid, allow scope for your ideas to develop
- Yes.
- Have you read other theses to establish the standards for a doctorate in your discipline?
- Not yet.
- Are you aware of the format required for a thesis in your university - style, presentation, referencing, binding?
- Yes.
- Are you clear about your role and responsibilities as a researcher?
- Yes.
- Do you know the support systems available to you?
- Yes.
做了个怪梦
难得在醒来后还记得比较清楚。
话说一开始我在一间类似牢房的房间中，一面墙大概是铁栏杆，可以隐约看到外面的守卫。似乎没有任何人提示，我就知道应该从下水道钻出去，而且觉得自己至少是“二进宫”了-_-。往地下一看，真的有条水沟，上面盖着红色的书，封皮上套着塑料薄膜，下面的水沟还有盖子盖着，但有一本书没有套薄膜的，下面的水沟盖子果然就是开的。我试图钻进去，但是到一半卡住了-_-。这时出现了另一个人，我以为是守卫，但他示意我趴到水沟里，然后帮我爬出去。
出去后好像是爬进了地铁里，我在一个角落蜷着坐下来，这时开始有警察上来查证件，就像 the Matrix 开始时那种穿黑制服的警察。我没有，于是就装成疯了的乞丐……这时又有人把警察的注意力引开，我看到斜对面（右边）有个桶，我身边有个人示意我站到桶里去，说他能把我弄出去。我站到桶里，发现桶里都是水，这时那个警察又过来了，拿个警棍出来，还噼啪作响，像有电的样子，顶端还有个蓝灯，不知道看着那个灯亮会不会跟 MIB 里一样就失忆了？不容我多想，眼看警棍要凑上来了，我突然眼前一黑就被传送到了别处（原理见 Constantine，效果见 Half-life）。
一睁眼看到一个老头，还有好多遭遇可能跟我类似的人，在一个大房间里，房子其实有点像高架桥下那种感觉，也有点像某种纯粹为了实用目的而修建的地下空间。里面每个人好像都在做些不重要的事，自得其乐的样子。突然出现了好多警察，大家各自找地方躲避。我躲在一束管道旁边，突然一个长得很象 Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade 里那个 Elsa 的女警察发现了我，我只好原路退回，发现那个大房间里也出现了警察，大家都在跑。警察一边追一边开枪。然后一开始看到的那个老头中枪倒地。我左手拉个小女孩继续跑，但是不能跑快，那个警察便追上我们，在我头旁边开了一枪，我身后的墙上砖石飞溅，于是我停下来举手投降，那警察穿得比较讲究，神色还很得意（我这梦也太具体了吧……）。
当场宣判，我们的刑罚是……流放？然后就立即执行了……？然后走到了某类似宗教场所的地方，建筑物基本是白色，门前的坡修得不是很整齐，但不知谁说这坡上有代表诸如幸福啊、财富啊等等的标记，踩到了以后就能得到，但是在坡上走了几步，就要进庙里磕几个头还愿。我还是拉着那小女孩，走到庙里，据说该踩的都踩到了，然后……好像天就快亮了。
难道最近是 the Matrix 和 V for Vendetta 看太多了，才会做这种梦？好像还有点 Amtrak War 和 Fallout 的味道。而且从头到尾感觉就好像自己在演电影一样……
话说一开始我在一间类似牢房的房间中，一面墙大概是铁栏杆，可以隐约看到外面的守卫。似乎没有任何人提示，我就知道应该从下水道钻出去，而且觉得自己至少是“二进宫”了-_-。往地下一看，真的有条水沟，上面盖着红色的书，封皮上套着塑料薄膜，下面的水沟还有盖子盖着，但有一本书没有套薄膜的，下面的水沟盖子果然就是开的。我试图钻进去，但是到一半卡住了-_-。这时出现了另一个人，我以为是守卫，但他示意我趴到水沟里，然后帮我爬出去。
出去后好像是爬进了地铁里，我在一个角落蜷着坐下来，这时开始有警察上来查证件，就像 the Matrix 开始时那种穿黑制服的警察。我没有，于是就装成疯了的乞丐……这时又有人把警察的注意力引开，我看到斜对面（右边）有个桶，我身边有个人示意我站到桶里去，说他能把我弄出去。我站到桶里，发现桶里都是水，这时那个警察又过来了，拿个警棍出来，还噼啪作响，像有电的样子，顶端还有个蓝灯，不知道看着那个灯亮会不会跟 MIB 里一样就失忆了？不容我多想，眼看警棍要凑上来了，我突然眼前一黑就被传送到了别处（原理见 Constantine，效果见 Half-life）。
一睁眼看到一个老头，还有好多遭遇可能跟我类似的人，在一个大房间里，房子其实有点像高架桥下那种感觉，也有点像某种纯粹为了实用目的而修建的地下空间。里面每个人好像都在做些不重要的事，自得其乐的样子。突然出现了好多警察，大家各自找地方躲避。我躲在一束管道旁边，突然一个长得很象 Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade 里那个 Elsa 的女警察发现了我，我只好原路退回，发现那个大房间里也出现了警察，大家都在跑。警察一边追一边开枪。然后一开始看到的那个老头中枪倒地。我左手拉个小女孩继续跑，但是不能跑快，那个警察便追上我们，在我头旁边开了一枪，我身后的墙上砖石飞溅，于是我停下来举手投降，那警察穿得比较讲究，神色还很得意（我这梦也太具体了吧……）。
当场宣判，我们的刑罚是……流放？然后就立即执行了……？然后走到了某类似宗教场所的地方，建筑物基本是白色，门前的坡修得不是很整齐，但不知谁说这坡上有代表诸如幸福啊、财富啊等等的标记，踩到了以后就能得到，但是在坡上走了几步，就要进庙里磕几个头还愿。我还是拉着那小女孩，走到庙里，据说该踩的都踩到了，然后……好像天就快亮了。
难道最近是 the Matrix 和 V for Vendetta 看太多了，才会做这种梦？好像还有点 Amtrak War 和 Fallout 的味道。而且从头到尾感觉就好像自己在演电影一样……
2006年9月30日星期六
Week 1: Trying to know about resilience
Definition:
There may be many definitions of Resilience. But from the literature I read this week, it seems that Holling's definition is accepted by most researchers in this area. To use this definition, first of all, the fundamental unstability of social-ecological systems must be acknowledged. The equilibrium or stable state can only be maintained near certain points. In most other areas of the state space, there are only domains of attraction or areas without equilibrium. Thus, while stability is defined by Holling as "the ability of the system to recover back to the
equilibrium state after disturbance" and is rare and hardly achievable, resilience is defined by him as "a measure of persistence of systems and of their ability of absorb change and disturbance and still maintain the same relationships between populations or state variables". The important thing, he said, is the system's ability to maintain relationships and structures within itself in the face of changes. Systems with more attraction domains and options are more resilient.
His followers developed the concept further. Carpenter et al. (2001) claims that there are three properties in Holling's resilience definition: (a) the amount of change the system can undergo (and therefore the amount of external force the system can sustain); (b) the degree to which the system is able to self-organise; and (c) the degree to which the system can build the capacity to learn and adapt.
Measurement:
Some years later, Carpenter et al. (2001) suggested a tool for analysis of resilience: the adaptive cycle. By defining four stages in a cycle of system configuration and services, the key variable influencing the system's ability to provide services and other slow-changing variables which have fundamental and intriguing effect on the system may be identified.
Another useful tool is bifurcation analysis, which serves to identify domains of attraction in the space of parameters (Anderies, 2000).
Combining these tools and social science / ecology study, with the help of stakeholder participation, it is possible to find out resilience of which factor in the system is concerned, how is it affected, and what is the threat, i.e. "resilience of what to what" (Carpenter et al.,2001). Walker et al. (2002) proposed a 4-step method to assess regional resilience: First, the stakeholders get together to decide the key properties of the study system and the range of trajectories the stakeholders want the system to follow (step 1 and 2); the information is then used in more specialised, quantitative analysis on where th resilience resides (step 3); finally, an integrated evaluation of management and policy implications is produced by both scientists and
stakeholders (step 4).
Pay attention to:
Questions:
There may be many definitions of Resilience. But from the literature I read this week, it seems that Holling's definition is accepted by most researchers in this area. To use this definition, first of all, the fundamental unstability of social-ecological systems must be acknowledged. The equilibrium or stable state can only be maintained near certain points. In most other areas of the state space, there are only domains of attraction or areas without equilibrium. Thus, while stability is defined by Holling as "the ability of the system to recover back to the
equilibrium state after disturbance" and is rare and hardly achievable, resilience is defined by him as "a measure of persistence of systems and of their ability of absorb change and disturbance and still maintain the same relationships between populations or state variables". The important thing, he said, is the system's ability to maintain relationships and structures within itself in the face of changes. Systems with more attraction domains and options are more resilient.
His followers developed the concept further. Carpenter et al. (2001) claims that there are three properties in Holling's resilience definition: (a) the amount of change the system can undergo (and therefore the amount of external force the system can sustain); (b) the degree to which the system is able to self-organise; and (c) the degree to which the system can build the capacity to learn and adapt.
Measurement:
Some years later, Carpenter et al. (2001) suggested a tool for analysis of resilience: the adaptive cycle. By defining four stages in a cycle of system configuration and services, the key variable influencing the system's ability to provide services and other slow-changing variables which have fundamental and intriguing effect on the system may be identified.
Another useful tool is bifurcation analysis, which serves to identify domains of attraction in the space of parameters (Anderies, 2000).
Combining these tools and social science / ecology study, with the help of stakeholder participation, it is possible to find out resilience of which factor in the system is concerned, how is it affected, and what is the threat, i.e. "resilience of what to what" (Carpenter et al.,2001). Walker et al. (2002) proposed a 4-step method to assess regional resilience: First, the stakeholders get together to decide the key properties of the study system and the range of trajectories the stakeholders want the system to follow (step 1 and 2); the information is then used in more specialised, quantitative analysis on where th resilience resides (step 3); finally, an integrated evaluation of management and policy implications is produced by both scientists and
stakeholders (step 4).
Pay attention to:
- Technical uncertainties vs. structural uncertainties. The former one is unavoidable and often addressed by researches; the latter one comes from unexamined assumptions which may be wrong in certain circumstances, and can lead to wrong discourse and solutions.
- Which configuration of the system is more desirable? In what time scale should resilience be considered? If sustainable development is to be considered, resilience at the cost of other area or era's collapse may not be a desirable goal.
- The strategy and institution to achieve resilience are very likely to be very system-specific. They also tend to change with system conditions and external factors, such as climate, legislation and neighbour systems.
- Difficulties in resilience measurement include (but not limited to): key drivers hard to find and predict; human actions and reactions change system's course in complicated ways, making prediction more difficult; systems may change too fast in sudden events.
- All these researches are based on Western perspective and literature. How to apply and adapt them to my research area?
Questions:
- If a system achieve Holling's resilience, what is the implication of this? What will be the effect of such resilience?
- How to address slow-changing variables in limited time for research?
- Among the 3 properties of resilient system, is anyone more desirable or important? Should all systems have all 3 of them? Should the 3 be considered together?
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