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2009年1月30日星期五

Defiance: Landscape of War



The history of Belorussia in World War II is largely ignored at best. Given that, it has become so much harder to depict the story of the Bielski Partisans on the big screen. Only the fact is clear: that the Bielski brothers managed to save over 1,200 Jewish people by hiding in the Nalibocka forest from the mean war machine of the Nazis. What the Partisans did was hardly imaginable today, and may involve some extreme moral challenges that cannot be pictured without causing a emotional discomfort of the audiences.

Good for the director Edward Zwick, he did not mean to compare the Bielskis with Steven Spielberg's German [Righteous among the Nations](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Righteous_Among_the_Nations) Oskar Schindler, nor did he want to produce a sentimental and moving epic as *Schindler's List*. He was very clear about the idea of the picture when he set out to make it: to tell a story about how Jewish people defy their fate of being slaughtered, not that about their being killed and rescued by Germans.

The story-telling may not be a *tour de force* like that of *Schindler's List*, nor does the film has a nemesis character like Amon Goeth, yet the viewing pleasure is not reduced. As always, Edward Zwick did not insert a stereotype evil character into his film, but throw us directly into the historical and ethnic environment of the movie's settings, and reveal layers and layers of conflicts. Again in this movie he managed to depict complex interaction between multitudes of humanity and a dramatic age full of overwhelming events, while keeping the audiences' fist clenched and them sitting at the edge of the chair.

Map of Western Belorussia

A central conflict in this movie is brought to the face of our protagonists by their very purpose: to survive and defy the fate that has descended on their nation. In the huge, all-devouring grinder of the war, to escape being victims, the only way is to become the ones who impose destruction on the enemies. This brings the fundamental conflict into play: to what extent can one gain power while sustaining empathy and humanity. All the other conflicts, such as those between Jewish combatant and non-combatant, and between Jewish and German people, are all developed around the fundamental conflict. These conflicts work as prisms, which refract multiple facets of human nature, which makes the landscape of war more alive and more realistic. The behaviours of the groups of Jew is no longer innocent or morally perfect as some other war movies depicted, but are convincing and arousing compassion.

The director has done a good job telling a story of people in desperate conditions, and was greatly helped by a group of great actors, although many of them are not famous. Although not without caveats, in most part the acting is natural and compelling. You would feel that those are really Jewish people in that time, beaten-up, self-preserving, yet willing to fight beside their charismatic leader. Being often seeing real-life Jewish people, I thought Daniel Craig was too British to act as a Jewish leader, but he really brings out the leader's spirit. Yet in some action scenes he still reminds me of Bond.

Although the story can well be adapted into a high profile action movie, or at least an epic movie with the excitement of *Last Samurai*, Zwick has chosen to reflect the day-to-day struggle and sacrifice in the forest, this may make the movie less a block buster, but surely is not a bad thing if we consider its values in preserving a piece of forgotten history. Although there are some inconsistency in the plot, and the first half was a bit slow, *Defiance* is nevertheless one of the best movies depicting the brave struggles in WWII.

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2009年1月28日星期三

links for 2009-01-28

Co-op says No to bee-killing pesticides

Guardian Environment [reports](http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/jan/28/bees-coop-pesticide): One of the big UK supermarket chains, [Co-op](http://www.co-operative.coop/), has announced in its 10-point [Plan Bee](http://www.co-operative.coop/ethicsinaction/takeaction/planbee/what-The-Co-operative-is-doing-for-bees/) that it will ban the use of 8 neonicotinoid-based pesticides on own-brand fresh products. The pesticides banned are: Acetamiprid (啶虫脒), Clothianidin (噻虫胺或可尼丁), Dinotefuran (呋虫胺或丁诺特呋喃), Fipronil (氟虫腈), Imidacloprid (吡虫啉), Nitenpyram (烯啶虫胺), Thiacloprid (噻虫啉) and Thiamethoxam (噻虫嗪或阿克泰).

It is worthy pointing out that neonicotinoid-based pesticides are considered an ideal replacement of high-toxicity pesticides and are widely used in China and many developing countries, although its harm to beehives have been noticed in China as well. It is not clear now what measures China has taken to prevent or mitigate the impact of these pesticides on its bee populations.

2009年1月26日星期一

Sustainable energy project cause worries

The Severn bridges crossing near the mouth of ...
Image via Wikipedia
A project aiming at utilising tidal power has caused various environmental groups to [express their worries](http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/jan/26/severn-barrage-tidal) that one of the shortlisted proposal may cause significant environment damage.

The proposal of question involves building a 10-mile barrage at [Severn Estuary](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severn_Estuary). It is a worry shared by many environmentalists that such a project may ``add to local flooding, reduce fish stocks, damage bird life and destroy the Severn bore, as well as ruin mudflats across an area of more than 77 square miles''. The environmental groups prefers a new technology called tidal lagoon, whose benefit is still not verified, and is believed to be more expensive and generate less energy. Two lagoon proposals made the shortlist.

Despite voices against the barrage proposal, it is believed that the 8 giga-watt project accounting for 5% of UK's electricity need is quite attractive to the decision makers and may well be carried out. The issue is further complicated by accusations that the cost of lagoon solutions was overestimated in the assessment.

Documents about the feasibility studies of the project can be found at the [project's government website](http://severntidalpowerconsultation.decc.gov.uk/). Today also marks the beginning of the first public consultation on the project. You can ``have your say'' after register on the website.

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links for 2009-01-26



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2009年1月16日星期五

links for 2009-01-16

大尺度气候指标的适用性

ResearchBlogging.org

在动植物生态研究中,人们常常用到气候指标来构建生态系统对气候变化响应的模型,并且假设这些气候指标对不同地区的动植物生态具有普遍适用性。但发表在 Global Change Biology 上的[一篇文章](http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01778.x)通过对不同地区的雌鹿体重的比较,发现在一个地区能解释大部分变化的气候指标在另一个地区就成了微不足道的变量。气候因素起什么样的作用,还取决于当地的植被类型和土壤等因素。文章作者们由此推断说,此前的许多研究中,将基于一个地区的观察或实验结果的理论推广到在其它地区的同类型生态系统而得出的结论可能是不可靠的。为了对气候变化在一个地区的影响进行完整的评估,需要弄清气候对生态系统作用的路径,也需要有更完整的当地气候数据。

MARTÍNEZ-JAUREGUI, M., SAN MIGUEL-AYANZ, A., MYSTERUD, A., RODRÍGUEZ-VIGAL, C., CLUTTON-BROCK, T., LANGVATN, R., & COULSON, T. (2009). Are local weather, NDVI and NAO consistent determinants of red deer weight across three contrasting European countries? Global Change Biology, 15 (7), 1727-1738 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01778.x