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2005年8月29日星期一

中国新电视剧的三个代表

我不是常看电视的人,在学校因为时间和硬件条件的限制,基本没有看过什么电视节目。但回到家乡,看到电视台的节目预告和 DVD 出租/出售店里的货架内容,也对现在大家看的是什么电视剧有一些感性认识。看到电视剧市场给消费者提供的商品内容,我只能不无遗憾地说,中国自《渴望》以 来的新电视剧一度很好看,但是现在的电视剧编导们好像太沉浸于他们一次又一次编造出的雷同的梦幻了。

早在高中的时候我就写过作文痛骂中国电视,可惜没有得到思想保守的语文老师的赏识。后来新周刊一篇《弱智的中国电视》,算是让我找到了同盟。后来看南京电 视台一位主持人的访谈,他说电视是为低收入、低文化阶层准备的媒体,我这才原谅了电视媒体的没有思想。可是现在看国产电视剧,不仅是没有思想,简直是灌输 坏思想,而且很可鄙地千人一面。对于我看到的国产电视剧之病,我借用一个一度流行的政治词汇,概括为三个代表。

一是代表了部分人对奢侈生活方式的意淫。在几乎所有电视剧中我们都能看到角色──不论是正面还是反面角色──住在有天有地的豪宅里,开着豪华大排量轿车, 出入各种高消费场所。甚至连嘴角上刚长出绒毛般的胡子的小男生也在游艇上品人头马了!这样的电视剧据说却是反映了市场的需求而生产出来的,看来只能用大家 都在 YY 这种生活来解释。而且,有些角色的身份根本用不着享受如此奢华的生活,只是编导们把展现这种常人只能想想的生活作为了电视剧的卖点。

二是代表了社会对“清官”的幻想和法制、正气的缺位。电视剧不能没有主角。遗憾的是,现在电视剧里的主角一般都是政府机关里大腹便便、满脸皱纹的领导们。 他们的任务,一般就是抵抗腐败分子的物质诱惑和武力威胁,最终利用自己的权力将其绳之以法,偶尔也要在年青女性崇拜者和结发糟糠之妻之间作出选择。这个过 程中,法律被符号化为穿蓝色制服的警察,只有在最后一刻才起作用,其余时候,贪官藐视法律,“清官”自以为成了法律的化身,整个剧情也就是歌颂“清官”如 何实施人治,看不到一点法治起作用的影子。这种电视剧的编导,意识还停留在一千年前的包青天时代。

三是代表了国人千年来不曾改变的对统治阶级的依赖和统治阶级对这种依赖的强化和利用。这与上一点是有联系的。贪官或者黑社会欺压到自己头上,法院和检察院 不起作用,没有人想要起诉,只有通过熟人去找这长那长,求他们为自己主持公道。殊不知如此依靠人情而不是法律办事才是最大的不公道。这种戏里面,官员利用 手中权利“为民作主”的做法得到了合理化,特别是古装戏里的皇帝,简直成了世间唯一的正义象征。难怪各级领导都喜欢看这种电视剧,也喜欢手下看这种电视 剧。如此熏陶出来的人,只能是法盲和没有思想的“顺民”。

其实电视剧可以是另一个样子的。真要拍反腐、反黑题材,为什么不用那么多法官、律师维护法律尊严的故事,为什么不能让法治和公正的观念反映在电视剧里。何 况除了这些,电视剧还有那么多题材。美国的肥皂剧不像我们的要追求思想性,但至少他们的电视剧里没有向人灌输奢侈生活或者仰人鼻息的观念;日韩的电视剧也 不追求什么思想性,但其实每一集都在宣扬他们信仰的个人奋斗精神。既然我们要求电视剧要有思想性,为什么又允许那么多充满了污秽和庸俗的电视剧充斥荧屏?

前几天中宣部又发通知,抵制娱乐节目低俗化倾向,矛头直指湖南卫视的一些节目及各地区电视台的跟风者。其实在我看来,许多综艺节目仅仅是肉麻,还称不上低 俗,强要所有电视节目承担教育功能和教化功能是不现实的。总不可能要求《玫瑰之约》给大家上一堂人生观爱情观的课,也不能要求《超级女声》的主持人当着上 亿观众对李宇春说:“恭喜你获得第一,但是学生的主要任务是学习,你要乖,以后不要唱歌,听妈妈和老师的话,做有理想,有道德,有文化,有纪律的四有新 人……”承担教育功能的应该是学校和社区图书馆,电视剧如果有不好的思想,还不如像这些综艺节目一样没有思想,大家找点儿乐子么。

所以我认为要整顿电视节目,不要先拿综艺节目开刀,要是没有它们老百姓就只好每天沉浸在贪污、凶杀、抢劫、乱伦构成的当代电视剧的轮番轰炸当中,久而久之,让孩子们以为这个世界没有笑话,没有歌声,只有成年后无休止的勾心斗角,那就太可怕了。

‘War of the Worlds’: New twig in an old tree



I just went to the cinema today for this movie. I must say for the thrill it gives in two hours, the price of ticket is worthy. Though people may be disappointed that Spielberg made another snack-like movie, I think, after he gained fame by 'Schindler's list' 'Purple' and 'Saving Private Ryan', now is the time he come back as a SF movie director who choose titles he likes, instead of that most critics like.

Surely, this movie will not bring you much thinking. However, I think it is a stylish Scientific thriller. And that's enough. Based on H. G. Wells' famous masterpiece 'War of the Worlds', this movie provided a scene of outer-space intrusion quite different from 'Alien' or 'Independent Day'. From the scene of the street, the panic crowd and burning crash site, we can well regard Steven Spielberg as a detail-focused director. There are horrible explosions in the movie, but he doesn't use these to blind you, you can also notice many subtle details that make the movie more realistic. This is what previous 'space intruder' movies couldn't provide.

Spielberg also used many settings borrowed from other SF works. The pilot of alien killing machine is surrounded by red-orange liquid, sounds like Neon Genesis Evangelion; the blood thirst aliens are like from 'ID4' and 'Starship Troopers'; and you cannot forget Tim Robbins, his role is planning digging a tunnel to the subway and raise a resisting army, reminding us of 'Shawshank's redemption'.

There are a few paradoxes. One is how the aliens put their machines on the earth. Ray (Tom Cruise) and other people say they were buried underground even before human emerged. Then how can the alien tolerate using so old devices? How can they exist for over a million years? Therefore I tend to believe those vehicles are compressed under extremely high pressure and they grow back to normal size when they come out of the ground (some kind of memory alloy, maybe).

The other is why they are defeated? H. G. Wells may failed to think out a better way to defeat them, so he let them all get killed by Terran virus. But how can we believe such an alien army designed for intruding other planets do not have any immune measure against viruses they may encounter? One explanation may be that it is their first time marching to another planet than their home, and they failed to get antibodies from human blood in time. Any way, I like the ending, which do not employ so much human-pride and nobody else would think out except Wells.

[Ecology] Summary of ‘Ecology of a Changing Planet’, Chapter 12

Open-ocean productivity is generally less than 100 g C/m^2/year, but upwellings and continental shelf areas may be two to three times as productive.

Coral reefs are closed nutrient systems that maintain high rates of productivity under oligotrophic conditions. Under eutrophic conditions they may be outcompeted by other organisms like algae and zooplanktons.

Water bodies can be vertically thermally stratified into epilimnion, thermocline and hypolimnion.

Old lakes are lost through geological factors and hydrarch succession, and new lakes are formed by glaciers, rivers, chemical dissolution, and volcano activity.

Different communities of aquatic life will be found according to the nutrient levels and temperature and oxygen profiles of lakes.

[Ecology] Summary of ‘Ecology of a Changing Planet’, Chapter 9

Natural selection determines that all predators are coward; the brave go extinct.

Predators forage optimally by expending the least amount of energy necessary to achieve fitness and will switch prey items if necessary.

Predator avoidance is the best defence against predation.

Predation can be an important factor in the maintenance of biodiversity because it prevents competition exclusion.

When explaining Batesian mimicry, the author gives the example of eastern tiger swallowtail. It is usually yellow. But when poisonous pipevine swallowtails are abundant, the female eastern tiger swallowtails mimic them. Is the gene of eastern tiger swallowtails determine that they change their look when adequate? How is this mechanism evolved?

[Ecology] Summary of ‘Ecology of a changing planet’, Chapter 8

Conservation efforts must prioritise the well-being of local populations.

Natural populations seldom reach carrying capacity and are continually cut back by density-independent factors.

Organisms evolve to occupy a tightly defined niche. Only one species occupies a niche in one place at one time. Niche will decide the morphology of the organism. Unrelated species occupying similar niches are driven by natural selection to evolve similar traits.

[Ecology] Summary of ‘Ecology of a Changing Planet’, Chapter 6-7

[Ecology] Summary of 'Ecology of a Changing Planet', Chapter 6

Exploitation efficiency of decomposers approaches 100%.

The largest energy flow through an ecosystem is through the decompositional pathway.

Allocation of energy changes with maturity. Immature stages invest in growth, mature stages increase investment in reproduction.

[Ecology] Summary of 'Ecology of a Changing Planet', Chapter 7

There are two types of reproduction: asexual and sexual. Asexual reproduction can produce the exact clones of the parent. Compared to sexual reproduction, asexual reproduction doesn't need extra energy to demonstrate attraction, or fight for the right of breeding. However, 97% of organisms use sexual reproduction, because it brings more variations in genotypes and more possibility of producing 'superfit' offspring. In relatively constant circumstances, sexual reproduction is preferred; while in frequently changing circumstances, asexual reproduction often outcompete.

Males can offset reproductive costs by increasing the survirorship of the young.

The reason why there are only 2 sexes is that if there are more than one sex that cannot give birth to the offspring, more energy will be wasted.

Animals will have the optimal number of young to achieve an ecological fitness of 1. In energy allocation and surviving strategies, there are two types: opportunists (r-strategy) tend to be short-lived, have small bodies, and have many young, e.g. dandelions; competitors tend to be long-lived, have large bodies, and have few young, e.g. large mammals.

[Ecology] Summary of ‘Ecology of a Changing Planet’, Chapter 3-6

[Ecology] Summary of 'Ecology of a Changing Planet', Chapter 3

Biodiversity is assessed at the landscape, species, population and genetic level. The strongest pattern in biodiversity is a decline in species diversity from equator to pole. This may be due to history: first angiosperms originated in tropical regions, productivity, habitat structure, stronger specialisation.

Most species are relatively rare with small to moderate geographic ranges, but are locally common where conditions are optimal. A common species is not "better", or even better adapted than a rare species.

Conserving biodiversity is tightly tied to conserving tropical ecosystems.

[Ecology] Summary of 'Ecology of a Changing Planet', Chapter 4

The greatest variable in tropical climate is precipitation caused by the migration of the intertropical convergence zone and Hadley cells.

[Ecology] Summary of 'Ecology of a Changing Planet', Chapter 5

An ecosystem includes both biotic and abiotic processes of a region. All ecosystems are affected by those that surround them. Small ecosystems are nested in larger ecosystems.

Most nutrient uptake by plants is from the upper 3cm of the soil.

The speed of nutrient cycling lies at the heart of agricultural and forest productivity. Temperature, moisture and soil conditions decide the speed of nutrient cycling.

Ecosystem functions are the natural services that the ecosystem provides to neighbouring ecosystems and to the organisms that live within it. Ecosystem values are the uses, or worth, that humans ascribe to an ecosystem.

[Ecology] Summary of 'Ecology of a Changing Planet', Chapter 6

Every organism needs energy for successful reproduction.

C4 plants have a more powerful chemical pump to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. C4 can gain enough CO2 in less time than C3 plants, hence it's more suitable for dry, hot conditions.

Either using CH2O to generate energy or build the plant body needs oxygen equal to generated in photosynthesis. Therefore, it's a common fallacy that we will asphyxiate if we get rid of all green plants. In fact without plant we will starve before asphyxiate.

If pasture is to be maintained in a healthy state for domestic cattle, the exploitation efficiency should not exceed 30% to 45%.

2005年8月11日星期四

[Academic] Unfinished Business

Today I gave a talk to my mentor of graduation essay. Prof. Liu is very interested in the method I used in my thesis and she wanted a systematic explanation of the whole process.

Besides, she thinks that my method is creative and wants me writing an article and publishing it in domestic kernel journal. This plan is attractive and exciting. The only problem is that I don't know whether my idea is really so original and valuable.

Well, here is the chance, so just do it.

2005年8月10日星期三

[Ecology] Summary of ‘Ecology of a Changing Planet’, Chapter 2

This afternoon I spent about 4.5 hours in a coffee shop reading this book. I was very dizzy but knowing that sleep when sitting is not good for your heart and brain so I just tried every effort to keep myself awake.

The title of this chapter is 'Chance, Change and Evolution'. it discusses the lifecycle of a species: evolution, survival, and extinction. Evolution here is forming a new species, when the genetic change is profound enough. The definition of 'species' is that the population is reproductively isolated.

Chance events play important parts in evolution.

Life formed in primitive oceans. The organic molecule's forming from inorganic materials is a small-probability event but it will occur giving enough reaction chances. The early life utilize sulfuret and energy from sun or earth to produce CH_2O.

There has been much more life forms in certain periods than today, for example, Cambrian. Many species extincted in the past. In fact, extinction is part of the history of life on the earth. Human is *not* the most advanced form of life. We are just lucky enough to survive. And we are just a twig of the species bush.

The life of a species may be from 4 million to 22 million years. Every species will extinct, sooner or later. In the past, it's meteroids' impact accelarating this process. Now it's human doing the same job.

2K Pass

先说一下 1K 被拒的经过。
准备的材料有:VAF1 表、学生问卷、照片、毕业证、学位证、成绩单、户口、Cond. Offer、USD $ 30K 多的存款证明(2000年一次存入)、父亲的工作证明、房产证复印件、IELTS 成绩、TOEFL 成绩、清华水平一证书

被拒的理由是工作证明太过简陋,不够正式,而且 30K 多的存款换算成英镑只能勉强够学费和生活费。
曾经考虑过申诉,但自己材料准备确实不充分,而且申诉要送到英国处理,估计等出结果黄花菜都凉了。于是准备 2K。

补充的材料是 USD $ 30K 多和 10K 多(1998年一次存入)的存单各一张,以及存款证明。还有以父亲所在公司总部名义开的工作证明(原来是以地区办事处名义开的)。

递材料那天人很多,我中午才到,好在 rp 不错,排到未预约的第51号,14:15 才叫到我,那天未预约的一共受理了60来个的样子。

昨天晚上查到状态变了,于是今天早起,赶到签证中心。拿到信封后没敢马上拆,怕中介来纠缠。出了东环广场才打开,一下看到护照上 UK Entry Clearance 字样,心中大石终于落地。给了我17个月的签证,到07年1月。

总结:税单和工资单非必须;
VO 对二签没有歧视;
钱的准备要充足一些;
亲属关系公证非必须,但最好有担保信。
**********************************************

签过了以后马上给 n 个人发短信报告好消息。这种如释重负的感觉确实比较爽。虽然之后还有一大堆杂七杂八的事要做,不过总算是把最重要的事搞定了。也祝小 P 签证顺利。

2005年8月9日星期二

[Ecology] Summary of ‘Ecology of a Changing Planet’, Chapter 1

Things that I already know are omitted.

Ecology is a science concerning how nature worked. Environmentalism is just a concern. The environmentalists' idea may be drawn on scientific data, but also may be based on emotional appeal or on ethical or moral criteria. There are environmental science, too, which studies the influence of human actions on natural processes.

Natural selection is the mechanism that determines which lineage leaves the most descendents. At the same time it is the loss of all members from a population other than those with optimal genotypes. Those lineages with traits best biological programmed will have better chance to leave more descendents. The parents are successful in this therefore new generation too different from the parents may not be so successful. Natural selection, contrast to people's assumption, don't encourage mutant but heredity.

In Further Readings, maybe I can find Grand(2000).
See http://www.prenhall.com/bush for relating online resources.

2005年8月8日星期一

Vagrant

It was 12:00 at noon. I was in Tsinghua University's tenth mess hall waiting for one of my friends, who needs to share the fee card with me. I feel reluctant. I should have been here half an hour earlier and there will be less people. If I just use my own card, I will just have my lunch alone. Yeah, why not? I can choose the time and place for any of my meals. Suddenly I find out a bit about why I can't be with my ex-girlfriend for a long enough time. I am a vagrant. I want to arrange my time myself. I don't want to wait for someone before I want to do something. Nor do I want anybody telling me "it's time for this" or "it's time for that" against my own decision and habitats. Another people having every meal with me will soon or later make me mad. I have too much of my own business. Don't tell me someone will change this. It will only change when I finally learn to be still one day. Not in the predictable future. I am glad that I didn't run into some people's lives before. They will not be hurt by me and my vagrant character now. Sometimes I do feel alone. But at such times what I need is a spiritual companion more than one who eats with me. I don't like love and girlfriend being brought down to physical level.

2005年8月4日星期四

History is repeating itself

Today I read an article in a magazine called Nanfang News Weekly. It is a comment on the founder of blogchina.com, Fang Xindong. The article mentioned how Fang decided to start blogchina.

A few Years ago Fang wrote several articles on Micro$oft's monopolization over the OS market. Micro$oft's media department was powerful enough to control many portal websites and they deleted Fang's post at once. Fang was very angry and he began to look for a media that can't be controlled by large firms like MS. Then he found blog and started blogchina.com.

About 3 years later, I also find that my blog entry concerning censorship is deleted on blogchina.com, so I abandoned that blog and started this one. Today when I read this I feel history is tragically repeating itself. blogchina.com now is also a tool of censorship and filtering.

2005年8月1日星期一

Some unpleasant feeling brought by CAU’s publication

On the roof top we haven't got much to read. Today I picked up a magazine edited by China Agriculture University's mountaineering team. It has a lot of articles. Most are about their May day holiday.

They went to Mount Sigu'niang (the Four Ladies) in Sichuan province and Xiaowutai Mountain in Hebei province. A female team member who went to Sigu'niang described her experience of falling on a snow slope and (I guess) hypothermia. She talked with no sign of fear or regret.

There is also an interview to their most experienced team member, called Asan. Asan was asked if he is afraid about death. But he just said death is nothing special. He even asked: "who should be afraid of death?" Geez, I don't want to climb any mountain with such daredevil. As one who has climbed a few snow mountains he should know there are something to fear.

The principle of CAU, famed Professor Chen Zhangliang is very supportive to the mountaineering team. But I think this has some negative effects to their development. They may get too aggressive. In the magazine they even mentioned that next year they will begin preparing for climbing Mt. Everest. This could be very dangerous for a team established in 2003 and lack experienced climber.